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Politics
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Turkey |
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The political concept in Turkey is they basically have a secular parliament representative democratic republic. This is type of government has the Prime Minister of Turkey acting as the Head of Government. The legislative power is given to both the government and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and they also have a multi party system. The executive power is controlled by the government and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The Judiciary is a separate power than the executive and the legislature. The most current Constitution that Turkey has was adopted in November 1982. This was established right after period of military rule.
The Head of State duties are performed by the President. The President is elected every 7 years but only by the Grand National Assembly. The President is not required to be an established Member of Parliament. The executive power stays with the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers. They do not need to be members of Parliament either. The Prime Minister is elected through Parliament and gets voted into office by a vote of confidence from the government.
The Legislative branch of power goes to the 550 seat Grand National Assembly of Turkey; it represents all 81 provinces of the country. The members of the assembly are elected to a 5 year term by mitigated representation and a 10 percent of election threshold. In order to be represented in Parliament, a party has to win 10 percent of the national vote in the national parliamentary elections. Any independent candidate may run and to be elected they must win 10 percent of the province from where they are running from.
The judicial system is protected within the constitution. There are no independents, organization or institution that can interfere with the court and the outcome. The Ministry of Justice oversees the process. The courts in Turkey do not have juries. The judge decides on what happens in their court room. There may be more than one judge that hears a case, you need a unanimous verdict.
Though the military takes an informal political role, it sees itself as the guardian of the secular, the unitary nature of the republic if you will. These political parties are anti secular or they are separatist by the judiciary and can be banned. The country has a multi party system and they have a few strong parties among them.
The Turkish Constitution and the mainstream parties are all built on these 3 basic principles. They believe in Laicism, Modernization and the Turkish Nationalism. But there have also been some other political ideas that have influenced the politics here in Turkey; they are Capitalism, Communism, Islamic Fundamentalism, Kurdish Separation, Pan Turkism and Socialism. These principles are revolving concerns; each person elected has their own topic to challenge. So while some of these topics may sound extreme they are not shared politically by all members and as we mentioned before, they are revolving.
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